Across
- The period where there were multiple popes. (2 Words)
- Cults during the Greek era that offered eternal life to those that were initiated into the faith. (2 Words)
- This advancement in food production allowed for a division of labor - leading to the buidling of cities, and the creation of a artisan class. (2 Words)
- This city, established by Phoenecian traders, was Rome's greatest rival during much of its history.
- The class of people that made tools for craft items.
- This is where various city-states and kingdoms in an act of self-protection would gang up on another when it became too powerful. (3words)
- This system of written language was developed by the Phoenecians. Its development spurred their development as an economic power due to the ease of mastering this system. (2 Words)
- The Jewish holy book. It essentially encompasses the first five books of the Bible.
- This civilization shaped the basic structures of Western society. It examined the world using Logic and Rational Thought, and was the cradle of Science and Philosophy and basic Political thought.
- Followers of John Wycliff, they mumbled their prayers.
- This Babylonian king's legal code was meant to secure domestric tranquility while maintaining the kingdom's complex agricultureal system and was based around two defining characteristics: 1) social status mattered, 2) punishment fit the crime
- This man pushed education as the key route to reform. He also stressed the Christianity is an internal, or spiritual faith and is not about the external or formalism, ceremonies and law. He believed all should be able to read the Bible.
- Powere that is taken illegally.
- This man ran the palace school of Charlemagne - which would be the model for future schools in Europe.
- This merchant was key to spreading the Christian faith. (2 Words)
- The name for the Bible that had been translated into Latin.
- This was a process where efforts were made to find and rid Spain of Jews who had converted to Christianity in name only.
- Rule by those that are citizens. One of the 4 possible ruling structures of a polis.
- The German term for its tribal or its group related by blood.
- The Roman name for present-day France.
- This word means to focus on the present (earthly) instead of the religious or godly.
- This Sumerian form of writing utilized pictographs on cut into clay tablets. This invention was a key development in civilization.
- The basic unit of politics in Greece.
- This urban aristocrat wanted to turn over public lands to soldiers. For this the elite assassinated him and as a result Rome fell into civil war. (2 Words)
- This man wrote "The Prince." (2 Words)
- The form of the plague spread via rats.
- This was the earliest style of written communication.
- The French peasant girl who formed an army to defeat the English at Orleans. (3 Words)
- This city-state founded the first schools to train scribes in the cuneiform method.
- This is the term for the effort to spread a religion or belief system.
|
|
Down
- Organizations of skilled workers who set standards for training, quality, and pricing of their goods within a city.
- This early church thinker believed that the validity of a sacrament was determined solely by the believer's heart and mind when he/she took part in that particular rite.
- One of the two rivers between which Mesopotamia lay.
- An area of present-day England were the Vikings had settled and their laws were in effect.
- This man wrote the "Canterbury Tales." (2 Words)
- The land from which King Phillip and his son, Alexander the Great, hailed from.
- This society founded a new religion that was unique for its monotheism. This religion would be the root of three great religious faiths.
- One of the two rivers between which Mesopotamia lay.
- The name of the Hebrew God.
- Rome was located on this river at a point where it could both be navigated and forded.
- This man wrote the "Grand Testament." (2 Words)
- This is the technical term give to the type of faith under which Christianity lies. This is because it is a faith made up of various other religious beliefs that came before it.
- During the Hundred Years War the English parliament gained control over this important power of government.
- A religion where more than one god is worshipped/believed in.
- This was the war band of Germanic chiefs. Later, it would become the basis for the feudal system.
- This term is used to describe inflexible beliefs or belief systems.
- A religion where only one god is worshipped/believed in.
- This man introduced the concepts of "Last Judgement," "Free Will," "Immortality/Life after Death," and the "Conscience" into religious belief.
- This Italian city was the center of papal banking during the Renaissance.
- This man wrote the "Divine Comedy." (2 Words)
- This level of citizenship afforded Roman citizens not only rights, but the ability to vote and hold political office.
- This key church thinker from Carthage believed that the ones sacraments were only as valid as the priest who carried them out.
- Rome offered this right to all it ruled in its empire. This help unify the empire and quell potential troubles.
- This great empire's legal system was superior to Greece's, because it was meant to be practical and functional while the Greeks sought theoretical perfection.
- This agreement between France and the pope in 1516 meant the pope would accept the French king appointing the bishops within his kingdom, and in return the pope got the first year of taxes collected in the bishopric. (3 Words)
- Literature written in the language commonly spoken by the population is said to be written in this.
- This was the second, later, Jewish holy book. It sought to standardized and set guidelines for religious practices in the faith.
- This word roughly translates to "rebirth" or "renewal."
- The form of the plague spread by humans.
- The writer of "Utopia." (2 Words)
- Rule by a king. One of the 4 possible ruling structures of a polis.
- The period when man first began to farm and domesticate animals, thus allowing for the first permanent settlements. (2 Words)
- The trade route between the East (Asia, Orient) and the West (Europe) established by the Greeks. (3 Words)
- This man is most commonly credited with the invention of the printing press. (2 Words)
- This movement during the Renaissance called for people to study the classic works of the Roman age.
- This man was executed for teaching his students about beliefs that went against Catholic orthodoxy. (2 Words)
- When Spain expelled this religious/ethnic group it damaged the economy for they provided a large number of the bankers and doctors in the kingdom.
- The standard term for any new religious faith.
- Rule by the select few. One of the 4 possible ruling structures of a polis.
- This was ordered by Caesar Augustus to count the population and demographics of the empire so that it could be more efficiently adminstered.
|