Review: Chapters 27-30

This crossword was created by A.P. European History with EclipseCrossword - www.eclipsecrossword.com

123              4    5
G F B R O W N S H I R T S E
       
R R O X
  6                        7        8         
E F I V E Y E A R P L A N N I R O N C U R T A I N
         
A N A N S
    9     
T C D L R T
  10      11                                  1213           
P U N C O N D I T I O N A L S U R R E N D E R T R A D I O E E
             
U O C R R S N
    14                               
R N T S A R N I C H O L A S I I E T T
  15                    16               
G A R Y A N R A C E I P F A S C I S M R I
    17              18         
E G E N A B L I N G A C T G I A
19                        20                   
S O L I D A R I T Y E E P W A R S A W P A C T L
             
E O E P N E I
21                     
B A U H A U S F N E D S
      22    23            24     
S T T A N S C H L U S S S D U M A
25                          26         
T R I P L E A L L I A N C E W H E S O U
             
O I E N E L B
  27           
N U L W T M D M
28  2930            31         
M P T M K L E E E W V I E N N A
32              33     
W A A R O R I S K N A R
        34                                                           
E R C U N O R T H A T L A N T I C T R E A T Y O R G A N I Z A T I O N
                 
I T T M O I M I N
            35  36                       
M I A C N I C S V L A D I M I R L E N I N
                 
A N N C E I U T W
             
R L D O B A A
    37  38                          39 
R U M O B E E R H A L L P U T S C H B R
        40       
E T O C S N L R F
        41        42              43   
P H H T P E A R L H A R B O R M N C E A
                     
U E A R A O I A O Z R
44                              45             
B E R L I N A I R L I F T L S C M O S C O W H E
                 
L D N N O S H M N
            46                          47 
I A E C L T L A T E R A N A G R E E M E N T
  48  49                 
C D S S E R B I A E N V I
50        51                   
W E G U C E N D L O S U N G   K
               
H T H S R E D I
52                53                            54    55
R H I N E L A N D O T T O V O N B I S M A R C K R O T N
        56           
O T N N I S O U C I E
          57          58                       
L E T D S M O N R O E D O C T R I N E N S T A W
                  59     
L C E I R U S O S M R K E
        60                         
B O A N M O B I L I Z A T I O N R C
                   
A L E K Y A X N U O
    61                                       
C L L O G I C A L E M P I R I C I S M P E S N
           
K A R L C O
  62  63      64
R B K E A H M S
65  66                            67     
R L B E N I T O M U S S O L I N I A E I H
  68                       
A V I E T N A M R C L V C O
    69                               
D C D E M A N D E C O N O M Y K E   W
           
I K P X P T
    70                                   
C S S O R E N K I E R K E G A A R D A O R
71                      72                 
S T A L I N G R A D H A J O H N P A U L I I
    73                                   
L I W E R N E R H E I S E N B E R G D I A
74           
L T R R E C L
    75                                             
E O S T R E A M O F C O N S C I O U S N E S S R Y S
76                            77
B R E S T L I T O V S K S C K Y
    78                             
E A O P E N D O O R P O L I C Y E A
    79     
N L J V R L
      80                                   
S I O J O H N M A Y N A R D K E Y N E S E T
        81                     
R T S R C O M M O N M A R K E T
  82                                 
A L E A G U E O F N A T I O N S Y S C
      83     
U R F D P K O
    84                      85                     
M I S T A G F L A T I O N A L E O N T R O T S K Y N
         
A T W A F
86                                                                                 
O R G A N I Z A T I O N O F P E T R O L E U M E X P O R T I N G C O U N T R I E S E
       
I L S R
87                              88                           
A U S T R I A - H U N G A R Y P M A G A R E T T H A T C H E R
       
M N L N
   
A C
  89                           
N P E T R O G R A D S O V I E T

Across

  1. This was the name given to Hitler's followers who were organized as a paramilitary force. Known for intimidation and ruthlessness, Hitler in the end would eliminate its leaders and disband the group in order to find favor with the German army. (2 words)
  2. First installed by Stalin in 1927, this economic policy was designed to organize economic expansion in the Soviet Union and develop its heavy industrial base. Periodically, the plan would be updated or adjusted during Stalin's rule. (3 words)
  3. The name coined by Winston Churchill in regard to the divide between the post-World War II communists of Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe. (2 words)
  4. This allied demand, made by F.D.R. on his own, probably lengthened the war due to the fear by each of the Axis nation's that it would lead to the dissolution of their nation and leave their populaces totally at the mercy of the allies. (2 words)
  5. This media format was enhanced by the creation of public and private networks, and would be utilized greatly for both enterainment and political propaganda between the two World Wars.
  6. This European leader left his wife in charge of his nation's government while he secretly visited the front lines during World War I to gain better insight into his nation's war effort.
  7. This is the name for the "race" from which Hitler believed the German people descended. He considered it the "master race." (2 words)
  8. Thsi political movement was best typified by the beliefs of Benito Mussolini. It called for mass socialism mixed with private ownership where businesses were controlled via state policies and measures.
  9. This enaction of this policy by the German gave Hitler dictatorial powers for four years. He would never give up these powers once they were obtained. (2 words)
  10. This generalist union that formed in the shipyards of Gdansk, Poland, was highly unusual. It was the first independent union in the Eastern Bloc, and its leader would help lead the push that would undermine not only the power of the Polish government and Polish communist party, but communism across Europe.
  11. This was an alliance between the nations of the Eastern Bloc and was intended to counter the alliance between the U.S. and Western Europe. (2 words)
  12. The German architectural movement that was founded upon "functionalist" principles, including "form follows function."
  13. This was the forcible union of Germany and Austria at Hitler's behest.
  14. This elected Russian body had the ability to vote for legislation, but any legislation it approved was subject to veto by the tsar.
  15. Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary made up this alliance as World War I approached. (2 words)
  16. Hitler, as a young man, moved to this city to pursue his art career. While there he became radicalized, in part by listening to the anti-Jewish, pro-German unification speeches of it the city's mayor, Karl Lueger.
  17. This alliance between the U.S. and the nations of Western Europe was intended to limit potential Russian aggression and provide American support to the nations of Europe. (4 words)
  18. This man was smuggled into Russia by Germany in the hopes that he would bring unrest and undermine the Russian war effort. (2 words)
  19. Hitler's abortive attempt at a revolution in Munich. His trial and jailing afterward would make him known throughout Germany and actually aided in his rise to power. (3 words)
  20. When Japan attacked this American naval base, Germany declared war on the U.S. This was a great mistake by Hitler, for it is doubtful the U.S. congress would have supported any effort by F.D.R. to seek war against Germany and Italy otherwise. (2 words)
  21. This event, probably more than any other, reassured Western Europe that the U.S. was committed to its defense and efforts to resist Russian expansionism in Europe. (2 words)
  22. The German invasion of Russia stalled just outside of this city due to long supply lines, the diversion of forces to less significant fronts, and an exceedingly cold winter. If this city had fallen, there is little doubt Russian resistance would have collapsed.
  23. Signed in 1929 by the Vatican and the Italian government, this deal removed official church influence from the Italian affairs, would keep it out of foreign affairs unless all sides called on it to aid in negotiations, and in return made the Vatican and independent state and provided it with annual funding from the Italian government. (2 words)
  24. Russia had a secret treaty allying them with this nation. This alliance would play a key role in causing World War I.
  25. The "final solution" to the Jewish "problem" for Hitler. Here all Untermenschen would be dealt with once and for all, eliminated from German society, so they could not "damage" the German race.
  26. Germany sent its troops into this German industrial border region to reassert German sovereignty and rid it of French meddling. It was feared by much of the German General Staff that this action would lead to war, which at that time Germany could not win.
  27. This German leader is credited with creating the system of alliances that kept Europe out of war for decades while also serving Prussian/German ambitions. When the system collapsed the stage was set for World War I. (3 words)
  28. This U.S. policy stated that the European powers shoudl stay out of affairs in the Americas (Western Hemisphere). The British supported this policy as World War I neared, for it allowed it to concentrate military forces toward more pressing concerns in Europe and elsewhere. (2 words)
  29. This occurs when a government calls up its reservists and puts its nation on a war footing.
  30. The philosophical belief that language is the key component to understanding society and individuals. For language is the medium of human thoughts, ideas, and understanding of the world. (2 words)
  31. This man was the first fascist. He had long be a socialist. However, he ralized that one did not have to destroy private ownership and the middle class to achieve socialistic goals for the general population. Instead, one could bring the middle class under control via laws, regulation, and inducements. (2 words)
  32. The U.S. became in this war in Southeast Asia after France pulled out having accepted the defeat of their efforts to maintain their colonial rule over the region.
  33. This economic system centers upon the consumer. They determine the need for a product, how much to produce, and what prices may be charged. It is often associated with so-called "capitalist" societies.
  34. This Dane's writings would guide a post-World War I religious revivial based upon a less formal, less institutionalized religion that would focus on Christ's morality and the lessons to be learned from him. (2 words)
  35. The battle for this Russian city is considered the turning point of the war in Europe. Though not a militarially significant city, Hitler sought its capture for propaganda purposes. It was the scene of some of the most ruthless fighting in human history.
  36. This pope would energize the Catholic Church. Of Polish descent, he would take his message to the people, engage the public, and push for freedom across the globe. He would be part of the 3 key leaders that would bring about the downfall of the Soviet Union.
  37. This physicist put for the "Uncertainty Principle" that took Einstein's "Theory of Relativity" to another level by nothing nothing is certain, for ones location in or perspective on a process can alter the results. (2 words)
  38. This style of literature, amongst its practicioners was James Joyce, would follow the thoughts of the protagonist no matter were the led. This often created confusing story lines that shifted awkwardly from present events to past memories that often didn't seem to relate. (3 words)
  39. This treaty between Russia and Germany allowed for Russia to withdraw from World War I after giving up large amounts of territory.
  40. This U.S. policy stated that the United States would continue to trade anywhere it chose in China, ignoring any colonies that other nations may choose to set up. It is credited with reducing a drive to colonize China by the Europeans. (3 words)
  41. This English economist wrote "The Consequences of the Peace" that stated the Treaty of Versailles would have long lasting negative effects upon the European and world economies. He believed that government should own and manage essential services while other enterprises should be in private hands. In essence, what is called a "mixed" economy. (3 words)
  42. This organization was the forerunner of the European Union. It was organized with the idea of creating economic cooperation between the nation's of Eastern Europe so that they could compete to some degree with the economic might of the United States. (2 words)
  43. This world body, designed by President Wilson, was intended create continuous dialogue between nations after World War I, thus avoiding future conflagrations. (3 words)
  44. An event that Keynesian Economics did not predict. This is a period where prices rise (inflation occurs) but the economy does not grow. It in part, helped undermine the presidency of Jimmy Carter.
  45. This man, a Lenin loyalist and popular with the people, was considered Stalin's greatest rival for power over the Soviet Union. (2 words)
  46. This cartel consists of key oil producing nations who try and control production levels and in turn prices on the world energy market. As a result, it has great influence over the economies of the industrialized and post-industrialized world. (5 words)
  47. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, whose assasination helped spark World War I, was from what nation? (2 words with a hyphen in between)
  48. This British Prime Minister led an economic and political revolution in Great Britain. She pushed for the privitization of state enterprises, and supported American efforts to challenge communism at every turn during the 1980s. (2 words)
  49. This body issued Army Order I which removed the power of officers over units of the Russian Army. Now all decisions would be put in the hands of committees made up of common soldiers. (2 words)

Down

  1. These were a series of efforts by Stalin and his backers to eliminate all potential rivals for power from society. Whether via show trials that led to executions, assasinations, or deportmant to gulags and labor camps in Siberia. (2 words)
  2. This nation saw that via a leadership role in the European Economic Community (now the EU) and pulling out of NATO (declaring itself unaligned), it could reestablish some of its past glory and chart itself as a player in world affairs at a level far beyond its economic and military capacities.
  3. This U.S. president was a champion of anti-communism and free enterprise. He chose to step away from detente and challenge marxism at every turn. Many feared his efforts would lead to World War III. (2 words)
  4. This philosophical belief states that life is meaningless, morality is contrived, and there is little if any hope for the future. At its highest level, it called on the individual to define oneself and create meaning in their own life.
  5. This naval tactic was a gamble by Germany to end World War I quickly, even at the risk of the tacting leading to the U.S. declaring war on Germany. (3 words)
  6. This book by Oswald Spengler stated that civilizations, just like people, have life cycles. He postulated that Western society had long passed its pinnacle and was on a steady decline toward collapse. (4 words)
  7. This agreement between Stalin and Hitler secured the east for Hitler and opened the way for his invasion of Poland. He now knew he no longered risked war with Russia as a result of the invasion. (2 words)
  8. France, Great Britain, and Russia made up this alliance at the outset of World War I. (2 words)
  9. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and much of Europe believed that by following this policy, giving Germany some of what it wanted, war could be avoided. This policy, in part, was supported by the British and Americans due to the belief that Germany had been dealt with too harshly after World War I.
  10. This is the name given to the battle for power between the East and West following World War II. It never led to direct fighting between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but it did lead to proxy wars in other places. (2 words)
  11. This German leader fired Otto von Bismarck and took a more bellicose position toward Russia and Britian, which helped to set in motion the events that led to World War I.
  12. This region of the Soviet Union was seen by Stalin as a potential rival for power over the state, was agriculturally strong, and considered potentially disloyal. Here, policies to collectivize its farms were the most ruthless and thus many of its citizens would be killed during the process.
  13. Though anti-Christian himself, Hitler's message that targetted the Jews resonated with many German's due to this great German religious leader's belief that all Jews should be tagged with the concept of original guilt. (2 words)
  14. This policy of President Truman stated that the U.S. would aid any nation in its efforts to resist a communist takeover. (2 words)
  15. France gained influence over this area in return for ceding influence to Britain in regard to Egypt.
  16. This was the name of the new German, representative state that was put in place following World War I. Many Germans disliked it for the felt it wasn't German in nature, but instead had been artificially put in place by their victorious enemies. (2 words)
  17. This was a government supported attack on Jews, Jewish businesses, and synagogues in 1938. Not only were Jews injured, arrested, or killed, but the government billed them for the clean up when their homes, businesses, or synagogues were burned or destroyed. (2 words)
  18. This even occurred during the Kennedy Administration and Kruschev regime. It was the closest both sides came to all out war and was based around U.S. efforts to stop the basing of Russian nuclear missles near its shores. (3 words)
  19. This man led a non-violent movement that in time secured India's independence from Britain. (2 words)
  20. This Soviet policy state that the Soviets would intervene in order to maintain the communist government of any East Bloc nation. (2 words)
  21. The civil war in this nation in 1936 allowed Germany to test out some of the new weapon systems and tactics that it would use during during World War II.
  22. Though generally associated with efforts to exterminate the Jews. This crime against humanity also targetted other "inferior" or "subhuman" groups such as gypsies, the mentally and physically handicapped, homosexuals, and to some degree slavs.
  23. This economic system is best typified by that of the Soviet Unioni during the Cold War. Here, the government determines all that would be produced, by who, from where, at what cost, and at what price. (2 words)
  24. This Russian leader of the Cold War sought to purge the government of Stalin's supports during a period called "De-Stalinization." He tried to loosen centralization/government control over some aspects of the economy and daily life in an effort to take the "Next Step" and overtake the West economically. (2 words)
  25. This was an effort a creating a level of understanding, if not peace between the East and West in Europe. Pushed by German Chancellor Willy Brandt, he hoped the reduction of tensions would help spur economic investment and growth in Germany.
  26. The U.S. has made a transition from an industrial society to a post-industrial society developed around the service industry. This is the nickname given to workers in service industries. (2 words)
  27. This doctrine, pushed by President Eisenhower, claimed it would activiely work to push communism back from its present borders. It was shown to have little teeth when no support was given to popular uprisings in Czechoslovakia and Hungary.
  28. This nation's mobiliation was an essential domino that forced other nations to respond likewise. These mobilizations made World War I inevitable.
  29. In light of food shortages, Lenin installed this policy that allowed peasant farmers to raise and sell grain for profit. (3 words)
  30. This nation, created by a vote of the U.S. following World War II, was seen as a homeland for the Jews. It has been an issue in regional and world conflict ever since.
  31. Hitler's reliance on air power, denying his armies the chance to attack British forces evacuating the continent at this seaport, allowed Britain to evacuate much of its trained army intact to the British Isles.
  32. This physicist called into question many of the assumptions of the Scientific Revolution noting that atoms were unstable and emitted energy in an uneven manner. He concluded that God could only solve man's problems, not science, thus undermine the concept of "progress." (2 words)
  33. The name given to Benito Mussolini's supporters. They were known to beat up rivals for power and use intimidation within society. However, they were used to maintain law and order when the Italian government collapsed in 1922, thus adding to the prestige of Mussolini. (2 words)
  34. Sometimes called the "Marshall Plan," this U.S. policy was geared towards kick starting the Western European economy via heavy industry, and thus stabilizing these nations so they could resist efforts by communists to take over their governments. (3 words)
  35. These criminal court activities in the Soviet Union were made into media events. They were used to heighten fear over disloyal elements in society, spread fear, while consolidating Stalin's power. (2 words)
  36. A type of dictatorship typified by Nazi Germany and Stalin's Soviet Union where the state sought total control not only over general society, but even the individual. (2 words)
  37. This moderate socialist led the Russian provisional government after the tsar left power due to the uprising of 1917. (2 words)
  38. German for "living space." Hitler used this term to describe the need for more land for the German state. A belief that was essential to the concept of an organic state (one either is growing or dying).
  39. Occurring just at the time of the Battle of the Bulge, this conference between the 3 key leaders of the Allied Alliance in World War II would help determine spheres of influences for Russia in Europe following World War II. (2 words)
  40. This man would win the power struggle to take control over the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin. (2 words)
  41. This post-World War I U.S. plan set up a circular arrangement to loan money to Germany to pay off war debts to England and France, which in turn would use the money to pay off loans to the U.S. (2 words)


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